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Question 2.3.5

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TZ
leumasicOfficial

7 months ago

For the forward direction (    )(\implies), suppose that

zn=(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,)z_{n} = (x_1, y_1,x_2,y_2,x_3,y_3,\dots)

for any two sequences xnx_{n} and yny_{n}. Suppose further that znz_{n} converges to ll. By the definition of convergence, we then have

ϵ>0,NN,nN,nN    znVϵ(l).\begin{aligned} \forall \epsilon > 0, \exists N \in \mathbb{N}, \forall n \in \mathbb{N}, \quad n \geq N &\implies z_{n} \in V_{\epsilon}(l). \end{aligned}

If NN is even, then we know that the terms

(yN2,xN2+1,yN2+1,)(y_{\frac{N}{2}}, x_{\frac{N}{2} + 1}, y_{\frac{N}{2} + 1}, \dots)

are in Vϵ(l)V_{\epsilon}(l). On the other hand, if NN is odd, it is instead the terms

(xN+12,yN+12,xN+12+1,yN+12+1,)(x_{\frac{N + 1}{2}}, y_{\frac{N + 1}{2}}, x_{\frac{N + 1}{2} + 1}, y_{\frac{N + 1}{2} + 1}, \dots)

that are in that neighborhood. Therefore, if we choose Nxy=N2+1N_{xy} = \frac{N}{2} + 1, we can then be certain that all xnx_{n} and yny_{n} terms are in that neighborhood provided that nNxyn \geq N_{xy}.
For the backward direction (    )(\impliedby), suppose that the sequences xnx_{n} and yny_{n} both converge to ll. That is,

limxn=limyn=l.\lim x_{n} = \lim y_{n} = l.

Now, form the sequence znz_{n} such that

zn=(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,).z_{n} = (x_1, y_1,x_2,y_2,x_3,y_3,\dots).

Choose any ϵ>0\epsilon > 0; by definition, since xnx_{n} and yny_{n} converge,

N1N,nN,nN1    xnl<ϵ\exists N_1 \in \mathbb{N}, \forall n \in \mathbb{N}, \quad n \geq N_1 \implies \abs{x_{n} - l} < \epsilon

and

N2N,nN,nN2    ynl<ϵ.\exists N_2 \in \mathbb{N}, \forall n \in \mathbb{N}, \quad n \geq N_2 \implies \abs{y_{n} - l} < \epsilon.

If we choose N=max{N1,N2}N = \max \{N_1, N_2\}, then both strict inequalities are satisfied when nNn \geq N. Consider Nz=1+2(N1)N_{z} = 1 + 2(N - 1). This value gives us the index of the term xNx_{N} in the sequence znz_{n}. Therefore, znz_{n} is in the neighborhood for every nNzn \geq N_{z}.

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